A sua pesquisa

Professionalization and political engagement are usually placed as incompatible in the case of journalism and the mainstream press, resulting in an identification of cultural resistance exclusively with alternative/amateur vehicles. I will use the concept of journalistic field as introduced by Pierre Bourdieu to review these assumptions and discuss a form of political resistance that acts in one's own area of knowledge, is not overtly political and whose effects are not immediately accountable for. Drawing examples from my research on two literary newspapers published in the 1950s in Brazil and Uruguay, this paper will focus on the implications of didacticism for literary criticism as a genre of newswriting. The analysis of these newspapers will lead to a reflection on two main issues: a) the conflict between the professionalization and democratization of literature; and b) the definition of resistance as necessarily an action that is against something. The article will reconsider education in journalism as a form of resistance, taking into account its risks of becoming political indoctrination and commercial manipulation, but emphasizing its potential as a way of expanding access to literature.

This article offers a pragmatic and relational analysis of the controversial heuristic of cultural resistance and presents some of the problems that affect the production and distribution of the poetic discourses of resistance and emancipation. To that end, it focuses on the incorporation of the historicity and the historic contingency of conflict as key elements of the subjectification constituted by the poem of resistance as “poem for the political”. It also explores the applicability of certain notions common to the contemporary critical tradition, as developed by scholars such as Badiou, Mouffe, Rancière, Bal and Žižek.

The poetic space, as I see it, is a space of resistance. Resistance against the media which do not need poetry. Communication among poets is a go-between, a web of messages, performances and presentations, the circulation of books and digital materials. These activities are political, functioning as politics in the Greek sense: discussion in a public arena, exchanges of opinion and criticism, interventions, concerted decisions, group projects, a net of relationships around the production of texts, articulating versions and diversions of language. These activities and exchanges give the participants a sense of fulfillment. In this sense to pass is to think, to question a certain regime, to marvel that it is still there, to wonder what makes it possible, going into its enclaves, looking for traces of the movements which formed it and discovering in those stories apparently in ashes, how to think, how to live otherwise.

In this article, I analyze the notions of sequentiality and simultaneity in Ursula K. Le Guin's science fiction novel The Dispossessed: An Ambiguous Utopia (1974). I extrapolate this analysis to the contrasting epistemic sensibilities surrounding the concepts of ‘revolution' and ‘resistance' respectively. I am particularly concerned with the role these concepts play in contemporary academic production in the humanities. My aim is to understand the implications of the different conceptions of time and representation associated with each of those two concepts, and what their actual ideological operativity is in the context of the present status quo.

The following text provides a conceptual and theoretical introduction to a collection of essays written by members of the multidisciplinary network of scholars, artists and cultural producers named ‘Poetics of Resistance', which seeks to analyse and encourage discussion of the relationships between creativity, culture and political resistance, in the context of neoliberal globalization. The introduction also provides a critical glossary of a set of loosely interlinking keywords, following Raymond Williams, that mark points of encounter and departure between the approaches of the various authors (not to be confused with the list of keywords used to index each article). Rather than presenting a completed research project, this issue serves as a basis for continuing collaborative research and dialogue in the field, and invites readers to join in the ongoing debate. The contributors to this issue are Paulina Aroch Fugellie, Burghard Baltrusch, Arturo Casas, Marí­a do Cebreiro Rábade Villar, Roberto Echavarren, Marcos Giadas Conde, Cornelia Gräbner, Nathalia Jabur, Thomas Muhr and David Wood.

This essay is a brief study of translation as a practice of aesthetic resistance seen from a historical and philosophical perspective. Translation is perceived as the process of transition and negotiation within the ‘third space' between various different hybrid cultural contexts and their discursive constraints, and referred to as ‘paratranslation'. It summarises the first attempts to think of translation as an almost ‘holistic' paradigm and the aesthetics of intervention from Romantic philosophy onwards. It attempts to show how Walter Benjamin's master narrative, the utopia of ‘pure language', encourages continuous resistance to the totalitarianism of the idea of the ‘original', to aesthetics (within the sense of the perception of the real) and to dominant discourses. It subsequently defines the idea of ‘progress', which considers translation as aesthetic resistance, as a process of construction in constant deconstruction. It concludes by exemplifying the notion of translation as a paradigm of intervention in modernity with a brief analysis of the transcreation performed by Erin Mouré on Fernando Pessoa/Alberto Caeiro's poetic cycle, O Guardador de Rebanhos (The Keeper of Sheep).

This article contests the popular assumption that literature is ever less politically relevant. Quite the contrary is the case: literature and literary language becomes increasingly important for the alter-globalization movement and for the notion that ‘another world is possible.' The work of four authors - Manu Chao, Eduardo Galeano, Subcomandante Marcos, and José Saramago - are comparatively analysed in light of their contribution to an alternative globalism and to an alternative practice of politics. All four authors contribute from different perspectives to the literary articulation of a political project. Their work shares characteristics such as the permeability of genres, the emphasis on the poetical over the narrative, a meandering structure that expresses the search for and step-by-step construction of a cultural and political alternative, and an emphasis on translation and encounter as principles of interaction with difference.

This article analyses a range of discourses articulated around the figure of the film archive between the late nineteenth and the early twenty-first centuries, accounting for the various possibilities that they open up for considering audiovisual heritage as a potential space either for revolutionary change or for political or textual resistance. Focused mainly on archival discourses in Mexico, the article traces their interaction with both national-historical and anti-imperialist narratives, and the implications of digital and online culture for the encounter between the archiving of film and resistance. It accounts for the position of the archive in negotiations between state and private capital and spaces of artistic autonomy, and for the relationships between the archive, modernity, postmodernity and the notion of posterity.

Leggeremo ancora, forse leggeremo più di prima, allo stesso modo e diversamente, ma qualcosa cambierà nelle nostre abitudini, inequivocabilmente. La diffusione degli strumenti elettronici per la scrittura, la lettura e la comunicazione ha portato a una vera e propria "esplosione testuale": oggi viviamo letteralmente immersi nei testi, li scriviamo, li scambiamo, li stampiamo, li leggiamo su carta, su schermi piccoli e grandi. Ma non è una semplice questione di quantità. Il rapporto con il testo si è modificato profondamente con i supporti digitali. Si legge, si scrive, si pubblica in spazi, tempi e modi mai sperimentati prima. I testi ora si possono leggere ma anche ascoltare, guardare, toccare; si possono attraversare sfuggendo alla lettura lineare; si possono scrivere collettivamente in modo interattivo; si possono mescolare alla realtà in forme inedite di testualità aumentata. Questo libro offre un’illuminante esplorazione delle nuove forme di testualità, di scrittura, di lettura e di pubblicazione, collocando la riflessione in una prospettiva storica. Partendo dall’analisi della tradizione, l’autrice ci guida attraverso considerazioni e sviluppi tecnologici, intuizioni di geniali visionari e abitudini quotidiane, ripresa di forme comunicative e sperimentazioni di un futuro che possiamo solo intravedere. Il testo digitale 1 Presentazione 10 Introduzione 16 Capitolo 1 - Tutti i testi del mondo / 1.1 E-text 18 1.2 Testo/scrittura 22 1.3 Il testo da ascoltare 27 1.4 Un mondo da leggere 30 1.5 Il testo come intenzione comunicativa 34 1.6 Dialogare con il lettore 35 1.7 Il testo come oggetto 38 1.8 Il testo senza materia 40 Capitolo 2 - Il testo per pensare / 2.1 Scrittura e conoscenza 44 2.2 Appunti, commenti, note 46 2.3 Le mappe del testo 51 2.4 Scritture di servizio 54 2.5 Testi in gestazione 58 2.6 Le grammatiche invisibili 64 2.7 Opere aperte 68 Capitolo 3 - Leggere l'alfabeto / 3.1 Leggere libri 72 3.2 Breve storia del testo a stampa 78 3.3 Le parti del testo 83 3.4 Impaginato e pagine 86 3.5 Caratteri 90 3.6 Tra passato e presente 94 3.7 Caratteri liquidi e testi aumentati 97 Capitolo 4 - Testi da guardare / 4.1 Immersi nel testo 102 4.2 Libri illustrati e affini 107 4.3 Immagini da leggere 113 4.4 Leggere le immagini 117 4.5 Audio 122 4.6 Multimedia 128 4.7 Digital storytelling 132 4.8 Magic text 136 Capitolo 5 - Testi da esplorare / 5.1 Navigare tra le pagine 140 5.2 Scritture ipertestuali 143 5.3 La Rete, ipertesto per eccellenza 148 5.4 Alla ricerca di informazioni 152 5.5 Fidarsi di ció che si legge 156 5.6 Testi a scoperta 160 5.7 Il testo di studio 164 Capitolo 6 - Testi condivisi / 6.1 Leggere insieme 170 6.2 Scrivere insieme 173 6.3 Strumenti per la scrittura collaborativa 177 6.4 Esperienze di testi a piú mani 179 Capitolo 7 - I proprietari del testo / 7.1 Autori 184 7.2 Editori 191 7.3 Lettori 195 7.4 Collezionisti e biblioteche 199 Conclusioni - ebook: leggere senza pagine 204 Bibliografia 214 La relación con el texto se ha modificado profundamente desde que el mundo se ha vuelto digital: se lee, se escribe, nos vemos y escuchamos en espacios, tiempos y modos que nunca fueron experimentados hasta ahora. Hoy los textos pueden ser leídos, pero también escuchados. Podemos escribir colectivamente en modo interactivo y se pueden mezclar a la realidad en formas inéditas de textualidad aumentada.

This is a book about the politics of alternative poetries and poetic practices, and the ways that experiments in poetry have provided 'spaces' within which radical or revolutionary perspectives can be developed. It explores social and cultural ideas that more normative mainstream cultural representations might seek to suppress. It demonstrates the ways that poems say things about cultural and social issues, and can say them in new and different ways. My work is conceptual, drawing on a variety of theoretical positions to help read poems that are resistant to giving up an easily digested meaning. It is also empirical, and begins with the material evidence of the poems, worrying away at individual words in detailed analyses of the semantic and syntactical relationships in the work. I try to show that any difficulty is worth the effort, and that poems that try to reflect the complexities of modern and contemporary culture and society are not only sometimes difficult to read, but they often have to be.

Josefina Ludmer en el ensayo más esperado de la década deja de lado las categorías de la teoría literaria utilizadas hasta el momento en busca de nuevas articulaciones y nociones que recorran todas las divisiones actuales y permitan entender la configuración política económica y social de los años 2000 en América latina. El resultado es una serie de esbozos teóricos que parten de un universo sin afueras real virtual al que llama imaginación pública o fabrica de realidad. Un universo que no diferencia entre realidad y ficción y cuya lógica es el movimiento la conectividad la superposición y la sobreimpresión de todo lo visto y oído. La literatura es hilo conductor de la imaginación pública y la vía por la que la especulación entra en esa fábrica de realidad. Las temporalidades y los territorios que instalan las ficciones literarias latinoamericanas de los últimos años (como las de Fernando Vallejo, Horacio Castellanos Moya, Martín Kohan, Perla Suez o Diamela Eltit) definen una forma determinada de “realidadficción”. Un libro decisivo de una de las figuras más lúcidas de la crítica actual indispensable para pensar la América latina del siglo XXI.

O artigo que aqui se inicia parte de uma reflexão mais genérica sobre a imagem e a visualidade na cidade, para se centrar num exemplo que considero particularmente interessante para o estudo das dinâmicas contemporâneas de apropriação do espaço urbano que recorrem a dispositivos de natureza visual. A cidade é, neste contexto, tomada como artefacto cultural, uma fabricação histórica participada por agentes com poderes e desejos desiguais. Nesta arena conflitual habitam pessoas e comunidades com condições, vontades, práticas e representações, dissemelhantes. A cidade espelha esta multiplicidade ontológica com propensão a revelar-se na matéria visível do quotidiano. À tona emergem sinais, social e culturalmente significativos, que contribuem para a fundação de um ecossistema simbólico e comunicativo particular. Podemos, eventualmente, encarar a existência de uma cultura visual urbana (Wells, 2007) dada a especificidade de agentes, gramáticas e mecanismos de comunicação que conseguimos antever neste território.

Leggerezza, Rapidità, Esattezza, Visibilità, Molteplicità e Consistenza sono i sei valori - le sei qualità o specificità - al centro delle Lezioni americane, l'ultima opera, rimasta incompleta, di Italo Calvino. Letti con gli occhi di oggi, questi sei promemoria, o "proposte non solo letterarie", si scoprono appartenere a quella nuova sensibilità culturale e sociale emersa sul finire del XX secolo in concomitanza con una evoluzione del sistema dei media, accelerata dalla convergenza tra le tecnologie digitali e le reti di comunicazione. Attraverso una serie di suggestive corrispondenze, lo spirito delle sei Lezioni assume la forma di una inedita trama interpretativa, adatta a sondare le componenti sensibili dell'attuale universo dell'arte e dei media, e delineare luci e ombre dell'esperienza estetica nei fatti artistici e tecnologici del nostro tempo, schiuso sull'orizzonte postmoderno. Riportando il discorso estetico al suo etimo, all'insieme eterogeneo dei fatti materiali e culturali che incidono sulla sfera sensoriale e intellettiva, i nuovi media appaiono per ciò che sono: processi di mediazione col mondo, meccanismi di formazione e di estetizzazione dell'esperienza. L'ambito dell'estetica e quello dei media si ritrovano perciò ad agire all'interno di un progetto unitario, edificati l'uno sul risvolto dell'altro.

1. Exploring the sights and sounds of experimental poetry. 2. Heard words: the resonance of the sound on the page. 3. Latin American origins of poetic performativity. 4. From the past into the future 5. The performativity of word, space, form. 6. Poetic performativity. Between art and poetry. 7. Futuristic innovations of past formulations.

Cardboard is hardly a material we associate with new media or digital technology in general. And yet in considering a series of recent editorial projects in several Latin American cities—editorial projects whose last name is always Cartonera and whose defining attribute is a trash aesthetic of hand-painted books made from recycled cardboard—it seems difficult to avoid confronting the present media ecology characterized by these technologies. These editorials produce, on some level, a kind of ‘‘new media,’’ although the mere novelty of their enterprise is only the most superficial of their affiliations with this concept. On the contrary, it seems clear to me that these projects also enact a form of production that should be interrogated within a discussion of the forms of sociality associated with new media and the politico-economic landscape they inhabit and condition.

Prólogo Capítulo I: Testimoniar en oxímoron (El caso César Vallejo) Capítulo II: Testimoniar sin lengua (El caso Alejandra Pizarnik) Capítulo III: Testimoniar sin metáfora (Los casos Washington Cucurto, Martín Gambarotta, Roberta Iannamico). *** Testimoniar en oxímoron, testimoniar sin lengua, testimoniar sin metáfora. Con estas tres fórmulas, Tamara Kamenszain bordea lo dicho por la poesía en los casos César Vallejo, Alejandra Pizarnik, Washington Cucurto, Martín Gambarotta y Roberta Iannamico. El testimonio no es prueba de la realidad sino en todo caso una muestra de vida. La poesía como testimonio mantiene viva la posibilidad de decir. Poniendo los saberes en falta, la poesía dice, da cuenta de la realidad, pero sin que esto signifique apelar a los realismos. En la imposibilidad indecible de todo testimonio, allí la poesía encuentra su boca. En este marco, los ensayos de Kamenszain registran una nueva lectura, tejen otros textos: el Vallejo de España, aparta de mí este cáliz pone en fecha los hechos, recibe en el propio aliento la boca del otro, mata la muerte. Y así como Vallejo deja entrar lo que de vida hay en la muerte, Pizarnik tramita lo que de muerte hay en la vida, en el punto de cese de la lengua que habla en sus últimos libros. Intentando despegar la escritura poética de su herramienta retórica por excelencia, la metáfora, los nuevos poetas buscan pinchar el efecto de show de la realidad. El realismo atolondrado en Cucurto, la búsqueda de lo real en Gambarotta, y el uso en Iannamico son modos de poner al poema en circulación, justo antes de que la ‘literatura’ se extinga. Precisa, lúcida y emotiva, la mirada de Kamenszain renueva las lecturas de dos grandes poetas de la poesía latinoamericana y descubre modos posibles de leer a las nuevas generaciones de la poesía argentina.

Empreendendo uma análise profunda de três romances representativos da literatura latino-americana recente, Diana Klinger aborda dois elementos fundamentais presentes na ficção contemporânea: a presença marcante da primeira pessoa, em que se identificam aspectos de discurso autobiográfico, e uma perspectiva afastada sobre o outro, caracterizando uma literatura que atravessa fronteiras culturais. Escritas de si, escritas do outro constitui, portanto, obra fundamental para a compreensão das novas tendências da ficção contemporânea e, notadamente, da produção literária latino-americana da atualidade.

O obxectivo deste traballo é vincular a representación de Santiago de Compostela cos procesos de construción da identidade galega contemporánea, privilexiando as diferentes figuracións da cidade no ámbito da poesía. Además de analizar o papel da cidade en distintos poemarios, antoloxías, libros coletivos e coleccións, o artigo detense nas implicacións socioliterarias d inclusións dos textos e fragmentos poéticos en soportes como a tarxeta postal, os catálogos ou as guías de viaxe. En suma, este percorrido pola historia da literatura galega da segunda metade do século XX á luz das figuracións urbanas pretende poñer de relevo a importancia de Santiago como escenario e motor de modelos identitarios diferenciais, cando no abertamente contrapostos.

Questo libro indaga i significati, gli usi e le implicazioni del termine "multimedialità" e gli scenari che si stanno definendo nelle trasformazioni linguistiche alla base dell'idea stessa di tale termine. Dunque storia, documentazione, analisi e un quadro completo delle possibilità applicative della multimedialità. L'autore analizza i mutamenti che il passaggio al digitale produce: le ibridazioni linguistiche e gli eclettismi di codici come l'immagine filmica e i linguaggi visivi in generale che utilizzano in modi crescenti i media digitali. Il dvd allegato contiene immagini audiovisive documentarie di installazioni multimediali nonché informazioni complementari al testo.