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Un dels poemes més famosos de W. H. Auden, la seva elegia a W. B. Yeats (“In Memory of W. B. Yeats”) conté un vers que difícilment podria haver estat escrit en èpoques anteriors, “perquè la poesia fa que res no passi”; en el mateix poema, just al començament, el poeta dóna una altra imatge que enllaça amb un dels altres grans poemes seus, “Musée des Beaux-Arts”, “Far from his illness/ The wolves ran on through the evergreen forests,/ The peasant river was untempted by the fashionable quays” (W. H. Auden, 1966: 141-143). Molt similar a la imat ge del dolor i del sofriment aliens quan en l’ècfrasi del quadre de Brueghel tot passa en plena normalitat en el moment que Ícar s’enfonsa en l’aigua. Potser en algun instant es pot arribar a pensar que la funció de la poesia no fa que passi res (la relació amb el poema de Yeats és amb la seva activitat política en pro de la independència d’Irlanda) i s’hauria de quedar en la con templació de la bellesa, aquella contemplació desinteressada, plaer desinteressat del que parlava Kant. És en un altre ordre de fets que la poesia no pot “actuar”, no té una incidència en la realitat que, en aquest cas sí, podria arribar a reflectir. Ambdós poemes d’Auden apareixen l’any 1939.
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Questions of public space – and in particular their visual aspects – have been central to debates over public engagement and belonging, but the city’s audible spaces have not received the same attention. What is surprising is that language, itself an essential instrument and domain of the public, the medium through which public discussion takes place, is simply taken for granted. Despite the sensory evidence of multilingualism in today’s cities, there has been little sustained discussion of language as a vehicle of urban cultural memory and identity, or as a key in the creation of meaningful spaces of contact and civic participation. This special issue aims to nourish debate on urban language by introducing the idea of the translational city. What is the difference between the translational and the multilingual city? Multilingualism calls to mind a space of plurality and diversity, with no particular idea of hierarchy or organization. Translation proposes an active, directional and interactional model of language relations. Translation becomes a key to understanding the cultural life of cities when it is used to map out movements across language, to reveal the passages created among communities at specific times. All cities are translational, but there are historical moments when language movements are key to political or cultural reversals.
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This essay is a brief study of translation as a practice of aesthetic resistance seen from a historical and philosophical perspective. Translation is perceived as the process of transition and negotiation within the ‘third space' between various different hybrid cultural contexts and their discursive constraints, and referred to as ‘paratranslation'. It summarises the first attempts to think of translation as an almost ‘holistic' paradigm and the aesthetics of intervention from Romantic philosophy onwards. It attempts to show how Walter Benjamin's master narrative, the utopia of ‘pure language', encourages continuous resistance to the totalitarianism of the idea of the ‘original', to aesthetics (within the sense of the perception of the real) and to dominant discourses. It subsequently defines the idea of ‘progress', which considers translation as aesthetic resistance, as a process of construction in constant deconstruction. It concludes by exemplifying the notion of translation as a paradigm of intervention in modernity with a brief analysis of the transcreation performed by Erin Mouré on Fernando Pessoa/Alberto Caeiro's poetic cycle, O Guardador de Rebanhos (The Keeper of Sheep).
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Der Konzeptkünstler Alexis Dworsky und der Tonkünstler sowie DJ Sebastian „Sepalot” Weiss-Laughton präsentieren am 10.Oktober 2015 zusammen mit Graffitikünstler Loomit und im Rahmen von ‚Was geht? Kunst und Inklusion‘ den synästhetischen Event “Blind Style”. Eine Tonmalerei, bei der Graffiti und ‘Tags’ in eine mit den Fingern fühlbare Braille-Schrift (Blindenschrift) übersetzt und von Sepalot vertont werden. “Für sehbehinderte Menschen gibt es zahlreiche Hilfsmittel, um den Alltag zu meistern: klickende Ampeln, taktile Leitsysteme am Boden von Bahnhöfen, mit den Fingern tastbare Hinweise auf Medikamentenpackungen etc. Unsere Alltagswelt ist aber von ganz anderen, visuellen Kulturphänomenen geprägt, die den Blinden in aller Regel gänzlich verborgen bleiben, etwa architektonisch gestaltete Hausfassaden, bunte Werbeflächen und Graffiti. Hier wird Graffiti für Blinde erfahrbar gemacht. Dabei geht es nicht um besonders gelungene, bekannte Werke wie die des britischen Künstlers Banksy. Auch die vermeintlich belanglose Schmiererei an der Toilettenwand, das eilig gesprühte ‚Tag‘ an der Hausecke und das halbfertige ‚Throw-Up‘ an der Bahnbrücke gibt es nun mal. Und Inklusion bedeutet eben auch, nichts niemandem vorzuenthalten. Solche Graffitis werden für Blinde in die Braille-Schrift übersetzt – in Originalgröße!”
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I will discuss here the idea of public space in relation to the concept of so-called cultural translation. This concept has been deployed recently (at the end of the eighties and in the nineties) within the postmodern - and especially postcolonial - reflexion to solve some of its most challenging problems, like the problem of universality in culture, or the problem of emancipation in the social and political space which we consider to be historically - to use Ernesto Laclau' term - beyond the emancipation.
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